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1 cross-refer
verbto give a cross-reference (to):يُشير، يلفِتُ نَظَر القارئ الى نُقطةِ اُخرى في الكِتابIn this dictionary went is cross-referred to go.
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2 Cross, Charles Frederick
[br]b. 11 December 1855 Brentwood, Middlesex, Englandd. 15 April 1935 Hove, England[br]English chemist who contributed to the development of viscose rayon from cellulose.[br]Cross was educated at the universities of London, Zurich and Manchester. It was at Owens College, Manchester, that Cross first met E.J. Bevan and where these two first worked together on the nature of cellulose. After gaining some industrial experience, Cross joined Bevan to set up a partnership in London as analytical and consulting chemists, specializing in the chemistry and technology of cellulose and lignin. They were at the Jodrell laboratory, Kew Gardens, for a time and then set up their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens. In 1888, the first edition of their joint publication A Textbook of Paper-making, appeared. It went into several editions and became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The long introductory chapter is a discourse on cellulose.In 1892, Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle took out their historic patent on the solution and regeneration of cellulose. The modern artificial-fibre industry stems from this patent. They made their discovery at New Court, Carey Street, London: wood-pulp (or another cheap form of cellulose) was dissolved in a mixture of carbon disulphide and aqueous alkali to produce sodium xanthate. After maturing, it was squirted through fine holes into dilute acid, which set the liquid to give spinnable fibres of "viscose". However, it was many years before the process became a commercial operation, partly because the use of a natural raw material such as wood involved variations in chemical content and each batch might react differently. At first it was thought that viscose might be suitable for incandescent lamp filaments, and C.H.Stearn, a collaborator with Cross, continued to investigate this possibility, but the sheen on the fibres suggested that viscose might be made into artificial silk. The original Viscose Spinning Syndicate was formed in 1894 and a place was rented at Erith in Kent. However, it was not until some skeins of artificial silk (a term to which Cross himself objected) were displayed in Paris that textile manufacturers began to take an interest in it. It was then that Courtaulds decided to investigate this new fibre, although it was not until 1904 that they bought the English patents and developed the first artificial silk that was later called "rayon". Cross was also concerned with the development of viscose films and of cellulose acetate, which became a rival to rayon in the form of "Celanese". He retained his interest in the paper industry and in publishing, in 1895 again collaborating with Bevan and publishing a book on Cellulose and other technical articles. He was a cultured man and a good musician. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1917.Bibliography1888, with E.J.Bevan, A Text-book of Papermaking. 1892, British patent no. 8,700 (cellulose).Further ReadingObituary Notices of the Royal Society, 1935, London. Obituary, 1935, Journal of the Chemical Society 1,337. Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).C.Singer (ed.), 1978, A History of Technology, Vol. VI, Oxford: Clarendon Press.RLHBiographical history of technology > Cross, Charles Frederick
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3 словарь перекрестных ссылок
Русско-английский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию > словарь перекрестных ссылок
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4 корпус словаря
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5 перекрестный
перекрестная проверка; перекрестный контроль — cross check
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > перекрестный
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6 адрес ссылки
внутренняя ссылка; внутреннее обращение — internal reference
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7 листинг ссылок
внутренняя ссылка; внутреннее обращение — internal reference
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8 словарь перекрестных ссылок
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > словарь перекрестных ссылок
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9 перекрестная ссылка
1. cross-references2. crossreference3. X-referenceвнутренняя ссылка; внутреннее обращение — internal reference
4. cross referenceвременная ссылка; привязка ко времени — time reference
внешняя ссылка; внешнее обращение — external reference
распечатка ссылок; листинг ссылок — reference listing
5. scripture referenceссылка на карту; координаты по карте — map reference
обратная ссылка; ссылка назад — backward reference
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > перекрестная ссылка
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10 ссылка
1. referencesвнутренняя ссылка; внутреннее обращение — internal reference
2. ref3. allude4. mention5. re6. reference toвременная ссылка; привязка ко времени — time reference
внешняя ссылка; внешнее обращение — external reference
распечатка ссылок; листинг ссылок — reference listing
7. exile; deportation; reference8. allusion9. citation10. referenceСинонимический ряд:высылка (сущ.) высылка -
11 словарь перекрёстных ссылок
1) Computers: cross-reference dictionary2) Information technology: cross reference dictionaryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > словарь перекрёстных ссылок
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12 автоматический словарь
1. mechanical dictionary2. automatic dictionaryсоставление словарей; лексикография — dictionary making
3. electronic dictionaryРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > автоматический словарь
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13 машинный словарь
1. mechanical dictionary2. automatic dictionary3. electronic dictionaryРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > машинный словарь
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14 академический словарь
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > академический словарь
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15 исходный словарь
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > исходный словарь
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16 словарь
1. lexicon2. glossary3. wordbook4. dictionary; vocabulary; glossary; lexiconСинонимический ряд:лексика (сущ.) запас слов; лексика; лексикон; лексический запас; лексический состав; словарный запас; словарный состав -
17 тематический словарь
1. idioglossary2. industry specific dictionaryРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > тематический словарь
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18 пользовательский словарь
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > пользовательский словарь
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19 висячая ссылка
внутренняя ссылка; внутреннее обращение — internal reference
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20 временная ссылка
внутренняя ссылка; внутреннее обращение — internal reference
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > временная ссылка
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См. также в других словарях:
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Reference Works — ■ Bondanella, Peter, and Julia Conaway Bondanella, eds. Dictionary of Italian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979. ■ Braun, Sidney D., ed. Dictionary of French Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1971. ■ Cross, F. L., ed … Encyclopedia of medieval literature
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Sayings of Jesus on the cross — Crucifixion, seen from the Cross by James Tissot, c. 1890 There are seven expressions traditionally attributed to Jesus during his crucifixion, gathered from the fo … Wikipedia
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians — Second edition of the New Grove, shelved The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German language Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, it is the largest single reference… … Wikipedia